An arrest is the beginning of a criminal case, not the outcome. Much of what happens between arrest and trial runs through pretrial motions — written requests asking the court to resolve legal issues before a jury ever hears the case.
Motions to suppress evidence
If evidence was obtained through an unlawful search, an improper stop, or a coerced statement, a motion to suppress asks the court to exclude it. Winning this motion can significantly weaken — or end — the prosecution's case.
Motions to dismiss
These argue the charges themselves are legally deficient — insufficient evidence, a defective complaint, or a violation of the defendant's rights in how the case was brought.
Discovery motions
The defense is entitled to certain evidence the prosecution holds. Discovery motions compel disclosure when the prosecution is slow to turn over evidence the defense is entitled to under the rules.
Why timing is unforgiving in criminal motions
Many pretrial motions have strict filing deadlines tied to arraignment or the trial date. Missing the window can mean losing the right to raise an otherwise valid argument at all.